El uso de inteligencia artificial y sus desafíos para la evaluación académica: una revisión de la literatura

Autores/as

  • Guillermo vanderLinde Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0272-5027
  • Tamara Mera Cury Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29197/cpu.v21i41.564

Palabras clave:

Procesamiento de lenguaje natural, ChatGPT, inteligencia artificial, educación, evaluación académica

Resumen

El procesamiento de lenguaje natural (NLP) ha sido estudiado en la industria de la computación durante mucho tiempo.  Entre los constantes avances tecnológicos se ha logrado  el desarrollo de complejos modelos de inteligencia artificial (IA), incluyendo Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (GPT chat) cuyo uso, puesto a disposición desde noviembre de 2022, ha mostrado la tendencia de irse expandiendo. Los modelos desarrollados tienen un potencial preocupante para la evaluación académica porque pueden llevar a cabo una gama de actividades lingüísticas y generar reacciones humanas. Considerando esta problemática, el objetivo de este artículo es examinar las potenciales ventajas y desventajas del uso de ChatGPT y otras tecnologías NLP en la escritura y su evaluación, según la revisión de la literatura, para llamar la atención  sobre las preocupaciones éticas planteadas por su uso. Para ello, se realizó una búsqueda en la literatura que incluía artículos en Google Académico y el resultado de la búsqueda aportó 12 artículos con un alto número de citaciones. Se utilizó  metodología cualitativa para el estudio, lo que implica la lectura y el análisis de las fuentes para encontrar información pertinente, en interés de responder a los objetivos de la investigación. Las palabras clave como "GPTChat", "contenido generado por IA", "escritura académica" y "procesamiento de lenguaje natural" “fraude (ética) en las evaluaciones” guiaron la búsqueda. Los  hallazgos de este análisis preliminar apuntan a que el ChatGPT y otras técnicas de NLP podrían aumentar la eficiencia de la escritura académica y la investigación. Sin embargo, su uso también plantea preocupaciones sobre cómo puede afectar la fiabilidad y la validez del trabajo académico. El estudio subraya la necesidad de explorar minuciosamente las posibles aplicaciones, peligros y limitaciones de estas tecnologías e, igualmente, enfatiza el valor de debates en profundidad y preocupaciones morales en torno a su aplicación.

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Publicado

2024-01-16

Cómo citar

vanderLinde, G., & Mera Cury, T. (2024). El uso de inteligencia artificial y sus desafíos para la evaluación académica: una revisión de la literatura. Cuaderno De Pedagogía Universitaria, 21(41), 126–137. https://doi.org/10.29197/cpu.v21i41.564